循证评价与遴选中国东中西部乡院基本药物系列之一:我国东中西部8家示范乡院2010年住院疾病构成分析

Evidence-Based Evaluation and Selection of Essential Medicine for the Pilot Township Health Centers Located in Eastern,Central and Western China,Part Ⅰ: Analysis on Inpatient Disease Constitution in 8 Pilot Township Health Centers Located in Eastern,Centr

目的比较我国东、中、西部地区8个有住院病例的试范乡院2010年住院疾病构成情况,为进一步循证评价与遴选基本药物提供基线数据。方法比较分析东、中、西部3种不同类型的8家示范乡院2010年住院病例所患系统疾病及其前15位单病种的异同。用Microso Excel 2003和SPSS 13.0统计软件整理分析数据,主要采用频数和构成比描述统计指标。结果①前5位系统疾病依次为呼吸、消化、循环、泌尿生殖、损伤与中毒,其累计构成比为71.0%～81.6%。②各乡院前15位单病种涵盖住院病例共10 630人次,占总住院病例的61.1%。其中呼吸和消化系统各涵盖6个单病种,均含急性病4种,慢性病2种,其住院人次累计分别占该系统的99.2%和93.8%;循环系统涵盖3个单病种,均为慢性病,其累计住院人次占该系统的84.6%。③前15位单病种中慢性病种类均多于急性病,中部和全科型乡院住院人次均为慢性病多于急性病,小康型和基本型乡院住院人次均为急性病多于慢性病。结论①我国东、中、西部地区不同类型的8家示范乡院前5～6位系统疾病均较稳定,常见住院单病种比较集中,有利于我国示范乡院评价与遴选基本药物;②应着力提高西部和基本型、小康型乡院对急性病的处理能力;③应提高中部和全科型乡院的慢性病管理能力;④应加强东部和小康型乡院门诊服务,进一步明确东部乡院功能定位;⑤应重点关注妇女、儿童、老人及各高疾病负担人群的疾病防治策略和绩效。

Objective To provide baseline data for further evidence-based evaluation and selection of essential medicine by analyzing the inpatient disease constitution in 8 pilot township health centers located in eastern, central and western China in 2010. Methods The analysis was performed to compare the similarities and differences of both sys- tematic diseases and top 15 single diseases of inpatients in 8 pilot township health centers located in eastern, central and western China in 2010. The Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0 softwares were used for data classification and analysis, and the frequency and composition were used as describing statistical indicators. Results a） The top 5 systematic dis- eases were respiratory, digestive, circulatory, urinary tract and urogenital systems, as well as the trauma and toxicosis, with accumulative constituent ratio accounting for 71.0%-81.6%; b） The inpatients suffering from top 15 systematic diseases were 10 630, accounting for 61.10%. Each of the respiratory and digestive system contained 6 single diseases including 4 acute and 2 chronic ones, with inpatients accounting for 99.2% and 93.8%, respectively; the circulatory system contained 3 single diseases which were all chronic with inpatient ratio of 84.6%; and c） The chronic diseases were in majority within the top 15 single diseases, which were most commonly seen rather than acute diseases in the pilot township health cent-ers in eastern and central China. The inpatients＇ acute diseases were more otten seen man cmo,~l, ulo~ fundamental township health centers. Conclusion a） The top 5-6 systematic diseases are stable in the pilot township health centers in eastern, central and western China in 2010. The common single inpatient diseases are centralized, which benefits the selection and adjustment of essential medicine for the pilot township health centers in China; b） The capac- ity building of the western, fundamental and well-off township health centers to diagnose and treat inpatients suffering acute diseases should be promoted; c） The capacity building of the central and general township health centers to diagnose and manage inpatients suffering chronic diseases should be promoted; d） The capacity building of the eastern and well- off township health centers to provide outpatient service should be promoted. The function of the eastern township health centers needs further clarification and improvement; and e） More attention should be paid to diseases prevention, control and treatment for women, children, the elderly and the population with high burden of diseases.