考虑供应中断的灾后安全救援血液优化调度研究

Research on Blood Emergency Scheduling Optimization under Supply Disruption after Disasters

血液应急保障是灾后安全救援的重要环节。为既有效满足需求,又避免盲目、过量的采血、调血增大血液过期报废压力甚至血荒的发生,保障灾后安全救援顺利进行,针对血液的易腐特性,提出血液应急调度的特点,并建立在物联网技术支持下的多时段、多类型血制品、多种运输方式的优化调度模型,通过合理调用库存血,组织自采血、外调血,并确定相应的数量以满足用血需求,实现血液应急保障系统响应时间和调度总成本最小化目标。采用ILOG CPLEX软件对模型进行求解,结合汶川特大地震的实际案例,进行数值仿真与结果分析,并给出在不同中断情景下的调度策略,表明通过建立双向互调的血液供应网络,并采用调度优化方法能够以更短的时间满足用血需求,同时减小调配成本和血液报废压力,能更好地应对灾后救援中出现的供应中断情况。

Blood emergency guarantee system plays an important role in the disaster relief. However, large fluctuation in blood demand makes precise forecast impossible, meanwhile, node failure and road resistance cause supply disruption. So in order to meet the demand and avoid great discard pressure caused by severe excess, even blood supply shortage after disaster relief, a multi-period, multi-commodity, multimode transportation model was developed, based on blood characteristics, analysis of blood emergency scheduling features and technology of Internet of Things , with an objective to minimize the total response time and emergency cost of the blood scheduling network as well as reduce the discard risk, by determining the amount of self-collection, transportation and inventory to meet the demand. ILOG CPLEX software was employed to resolve the model and gave scheduling strategies for different scenarios of supply disruption. With Wenchuan earthquake as an example, a numerical simulation was conducted, and the analysis results show that the model is feasible and effective.