药物口腔黏膜吸收机理的研究进展

Research progress in the absorption mechanisms of mouth mucosal drug delivery system

口腔黏膜给药途径已成为目前药学研究领域的热点之一。笔者检索国内外文献,简要介绍口腔黏膜的屏障结构和药物吸收途径,进而对口腔黏膜的吸收机理进行系统整理和分析。最终归纳出扩散理论、pH分配学说、黏膜结构变化理论、酶抑制理论、生物黏附理论、解聚理论和新型载药体系等七大理论,同时指出目前存在的问题和研究方向。主要包括:进一步完善药物口腔黏膜吸收机理的理论,使其系统化;研究和开发新型安全低毒有效的吸收促进剂以及新型载药体系;根据不同的吸收机理,改进促透剂、黏附剂、酶抑制剂等辅料筛选方法,建立合理的处方设计和评价方法。

Mouth mucosal drug delivery system has been one of the hot points of pharmaceutical research.Based on the domestic and abroad literatures,the structure,barrier nature of the mouth mucosa and routes of drug transportation were briefly introduced in this paper.And thus seven theories of absorption mechanisms were analyzed and summarized,which were diffusion theory,pH-partition hypothesis,mucosal structure change theory,enzyme inhibition theory,bioadhesion theory,dissociation theory and new drug carrier systems.Meanwhile,the present problems were put forward.In brief,it is extremely necessary to further study the theories of absorption mechanisms of mouth mucosal drug delivery system in order to systematize them.And the key is to develop effective absorption enhancers with low toxicity and new drug carrier systems,and to improve the methods of screening auxiliary materials such as permeation enhancers,adhesion agents and enzyme inhibitors,thus to lay a foundation for establishing reasonable formulary design and evaluation methods.