基于GA整定PID的液压电梯速度控制研究

The Speed Control of Hydraulic Elevator Based on Genetic Tuning PID

针对液压电梯在工作过程中出现的启动时间长、运行速度不平稳、停止阶段轿厢抖动等不足,借助多物理领域仿真软件Simscape对液压电梯系统进行了综合建模,并提出了遗传算法(GA)整定PID对液压电梯运行速度进行控制的新方法。介绍了液压电梯的速度控制原理以及遗传算法的控制策略,针对液压电梯的工作特点对遗传要素进行了合理规划,并对不同工况下的液压电梯进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明:在载重量为0 kg,500 kg,1000 kg的工况下,遗传算法整定的PID控制器在动态特性、跟踪特性等方面都具有明显的优势。最后通过实验证明了基于遗传算法PID整定在提高液压电梯运行性能方面的有效性。

According to the shortcomings of the hydraulic elevator during running, such as long starting time, instability of the running velocity and vibration of the car before stopping, the comprehensive model of the hydraulic elevator system was established using Sim- scape, a multiple physics domains simulation software. A new method to control the velocity of the hydraulic elevator with genetic algo- rithm （GA） tuning PID was put forward. The principle of the hydraulic elevator velocity controlling system was discussed, the genetic factors were programmed reasonably according to the characters of the hydraulic elevator, and the models in different working conditions were simulated. From the results, the advantages such as the dynamic performances as well as the trailing performances of the newly GA tuning PID controlling method with load of Okg; 500kg, lOOOkg were shown. Finally, the validity of GA PID turning to improve the performances of the hydraulic system was attested by experiments.