大鼠肝硬变和肝癌发生中肝组织病理和甲胎蛋白的变化

Changes of hepatic pathology and AFP level during hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in rat

目的探讨大鼠肝硬变和肝癌发生中肝组织病理和甲胎蛋白变化的意义。方法选取雄性Wistar大鼠,分别采用DENA、四氯化碳和橄榄油诱导建立肝癌和肝硬变模型,于诱导前和诱导后2周、4周、8周、14周、18周和21周分别获取肝、脾组织和外周静脉血,HE染色进行肝脾组织病理学检查,ELISA法测定外周血清AFP水平。结果大鼠肝硬变诱发过程中18周后出现肝假小叶,淤血性脾肿大;大鼠肝癌诱发过程中14周病理性核分裂,核仁变大、数量增多,肝癌结节形成,脾脏充血性改变。大鼠肝硬变诱发过程中外周血AFP在4周开始升高,14周与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05);大鼠肝癌诱发过程中外周血AFP在2周开始升高,8周时与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05);肝癌大鼠外周血AFP表达水平在8周时显著高于肝硬变大鼠(P<0.05)。结论不同诱导因素下大鼠肝脏病理变化出现时间和损害程度不尽相同,DENA对肝脏损害程度较四氯化碳对肝脏损害重;肝细胞受到病毒、细菌、毒素、化学毒物等损害时,动态监测外周血AFP水平,对评估肝细胞损伤程度和癌变具有双重生物学意义。

Objective To investigate the significance of the change of hepatic pathology and AFP level during hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in rat.Methods Wistar male rats were respectively selected to establish the model of hapatic carcinoma and cirrhosis with the reagents of DENA,carbon tetrachloride and olive oil.The tissues of liver and spleen as well as peripheral vein blood were respectively obtained before induction,2 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks,14 weeks,18 weeks and 21 weeks after induction.Histopathology of liver and spleen was observed with HE staining,serous AFP level was detected with ELISA method.Results Hepatic pseudolobule and congestive splenomegaly occurred at 18 weeks during hepatic cirrhosis induction,pathological karyokinesis,huge karyosomes,hepatic cancerous tuberosis and splenic congestion occurred at 14 weeks during hepatic carcinoma induction.The AFP level increased at 4 weeks during hepatic cirrhosis induction,there was significant difference between 4 week and 14 weeks（P 0.05）.The AFP level increased at 2 weeks during hepatic cirrhosis induction,there was significant difference between 2 weeks and 8 weeks（P 0.05）.The AFP level in rat with hepatic carcinoma was significantly higher than that of rat with hepatic cirrhosis at 8 week（P 0.05）.Conclusion The emergence time of pathological change and damage degree in liver are different from various inducements,liver damage from DENA is more severe than that of carbon tetrachloride.Serous AFP level is dynam ically measured when liver cells are damag eous to virus,bacteria,toxins and chemical substances etc;it is reduplicative biological significance to evaluate the damage degree and canceration of liver cells.