综合团体心理行为训练对新兵适应能力和军事素质的影响

The effect of comprehensive group psychological behavior training on the mental adaptation andperformance of recruits

目的研究提高新兵适应能力和军事素质的心理训练方法。方法按班编制随机整群抽组某部372名新兵为干预组和对照组，培训基层班长为心理骨干，由骨干组织实施“军营温暖、关怀有加、认识自我、人际沟通”等12个专题的团体心理训练，采用心理社会应激、普遍适应不良、社会支持、自我概念、自我效能感等量表及军训成绩为指标，评估新兵适应能力和军事素质提高情况。结果训练后十预组较对照兰且消檄情绪l（3．89±2．01）分VS（2．56±1．05）分]、消极应对[（3．96±2．52）分VS（2．97±1．78）分]、应激总分[（46．36±21．74）分VS（33．71±17．56）分]、适应不良[（11．26±5．04）分VS（9．10±4．53）分]明显减低（P均〈0．01），积极情绪[（3．70±1．62）分V8（4．16±1．84）分]、积极应对[（5．21±1．94）分vs（6．93±2．17）分]、主观支持[（21．37±3．59）分vs（22．56±3．53）分]、支持利用度[（7．03±2．16）分V8（8．92±2．44）分]、自我概念[（74．33±15．72）分vs（80．65±13．98）分]、自我效能[（2．44±0．56）分VS（2．91±O．52）分]、军训成绩[（引体向上：（5．12±3．77）次VS（12．09±4．52）次；仰卧起坐：（30．82±9．54）7欠／3minVS（70．20±16．83）次／3min；俯卧撑：（21．32±9．73）次／2minvs（61．75±17．62）次／2min；3000米跑：（14．17±1．14）s vs（12．82±0．32）。；立定投弹：（26．68±4．62）米vs（35．38±8．44）米]明显提高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论综合团体心理训练能有效提高新兵适应能力和军事素质。

Objective To explore the psychological training methods on improving the mental ad- aptation and performance of recruits. Methods According to army＇s squad establishment, 372 recruits were randomly extracted and divided into＇ intervention group （182） and control group （190）. A series of special group psychological trainings, such as Warm barracks, Friendly Care, Self-awareness, Interpersonal corn-munication, etc. , was applied to the recruits of the intervention group through the squad leaders given psy- chological training. The effect was assessed with Psychosocial Stress Survey For Groups （PSSG） , General Maladjustment Scale （GM）, Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）, General Self-Efficacy Scale （GSES）, Wallace Slef-Concept Scale （WSCS） and Examined Performance. Results The scores of negative emotion was [ （ 3.89 ± 2.01 ） score vs （2. 56 ± 1.65 ） score ], negative copy was [ （ 3.96 ± 2. 52 ） score vs （ 2. 97 ± 1.78）score], total stress was [ （46. 36 ± 21.74） score vs （33.71 ± 17. 56） score], maladjustment was [ （ 11.26 ± 5.04） score vs （9.10 ± 4.53 ） score ] in the intervention group, which was significantly reduced than those in the control group （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. But the scores of positive emotion was [ （3.70 ± 1.62） score vs （4. 16 ± 1.84） score ], positive copy was [ （5.21 ± 1.94） score vs （6. 93 ± 2. 17） score ], subjective support was [ （21.37 ±3.59）score vs （22. 56 ±3. 53）score] and support utilization was [ （7. 03 ±2. 16） score vs（8. 92 ± 2. 44） score ], self-concept was [ （74. 33 ：± 15.72 ） score vs （80. 65 ± 13.98 ） score ], self-efficacy was [ （2.44 ±0. 56） score vs （2. 91 ±0. 52） score] and the examination performance was [ （pull-up： （5. 12 ± 3.77） times vs （ 12. 09 ± 4. 52 ） times; sit-up ： （30. 82 ± 9. 54 ） times/3 min vs （ 70. 20 ± 16. 83 ） times/3 min; push-up： （21.32 ± 9. 73 ） times/2 min vs （ 61.75 ± 17.62 ） times/2 rain; Running 3000 meters： （ 14. 17 ± 1.14） s vs （ 12. 82 ± O. 32） s ; standing grade throw： （ 26.68 ± 4. 62 ） m vs （ 35.38 ± 8.44 ） m ], which was significantly improved （ P 〈 O. O1 or P 〈 O. 05 ）. Conclusions Comprehensive group psycho- logical training implemented by Squad leader could effectively improve the ability of adaptation of recruits and promote the performance.