谁之行动?何种自由?——阿伦特对马克思的思想挑战

Whose Action? Which Freedom?:Hannah Arendt's Challenge to Marx' Thought

阿伦特对马克思的思想挑战并非意识形态的论争,而是伟大的思想家之间的对话。通过批判马克思的劳动理论,阿伦特揭示了西方现代实践思想用劳动代替行动的危机。通过批判马克思的革命理论,阿伦特批判了启蒙运动的普遍平等观,重新阐释了政治自由的内涵。通过批判马克思的历史哲学,阿伦特揭示了现代政治思想传统用历史代替政治的危机。两位思想家的对话有助于深化我们对现代性困境的理解。

Arendt＇ s challenge to Marx＇ thought is not the controversy of ideologies, but the dialog between two great thinkers. Through criticizing Marx＇ theory of labor, Arendt has revealed the crisis of praxis ： substituting labor for action. Through criticizing Marx＇ s theory of revolution, Arendt has criticized the universal equality of the Enlightenment. Through criticizing Marx＇ s historical philosophy, Arendt has revealed the crisis of modern political tradition ： substituting history for politics. Their dialog contributes to understanding the dilemma of modernity deeply.