新疆主要渔区池塘水质环境现状及评价

Status and assessment of pond water quality in the main fishery areas of Xinjiang

对新疆主要渔区池塘水源水和养殖水的质量现状和污染特征进行了研究,测定了总大肠菌群、汞、镉、铅、铬、砷、铜、锌、氟化物、挥发性酚、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、乐果、六六六(丙体)、滴滴涕(ο,ρ'-DDT、ρ,ρ'-DDT、ρ,ρ'-DDD、ρ,ρ'-DDE)15个项目。结果表明:两种水质的合格率较高,水源水为90%,养殖水为70%。水源水中主要污染物为总大肠菌群,养殖水中主要污染物为总大肠菌群和氟化物。在此基础上,采用综合污染指数对水质进行了评价。结果显示,新疆池塘水源水和养殖水均为尚清洁,综合污染指数分别为0.54和0.92。不同种类水源水综合污染指数从低到高依次为地下水<湖水<河水<水库水;不同区域养殖水综合污染指数从低到高依次为东疆<南疆<北疆。

The quality actualities and pollution characteristics of pond source water and pond culture water in the main fish- cry areas in Xinjiang were studied. Fifteen parameters including total coliform bacteria, Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Zn, F, volatile phenol, parathionmethyl, malathion, dimethoate, r-BHC, DDT（o, p-DDT, p, p-DDT, p, p-DDD, p, p-DDE） were analysed. The study showed that the qualified rates being up to standard of the two kinds of water were high. The rate of pond source water was 90%, the rate of pond culture water was 70%. The main pollutant in the source water was total coli form bacteria, and the main pollutants in pond culture water were total coli form bacteria and fluo- rine. According to this study, the comprehensive pollution index of the pond source water and pond culture water in Xin- jiang was at still clean level. The comprehensive pollution index of pond source water was 0.54, and the pond culture water was 0. 92. The order of comprehensive pollution index of different kinds of source water was ground water 〈 lake water 〈 riv- er water 〈 reservoir water; the order of comprehensive pollution index of pond culture water in different areas was East Xin- jiang 〈 South Xinjiang 〈 North Xinjiang.