旱涝急转对不同花生品种生理生化指标的影响

Effect of abrupt droughts-floods on physiology and biochemistry of different peanut varieties

为探讨旱涝急转对花生生理生化的影响,以不同旱涝耐性的3个花生品种中花8号(抗旱)、豫花15(耐涝)和湘花2008(旱涝兼耐)为材料,进行不同梯度的先旱、后涝连续处理,比较不同花生品种的叶片相对含水量,过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性,以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化情况。结果表明,在旱、涝急转的胁迫过程中,干旱对叶片相对含水量的影响甚于湿涝。一定强度的旱或涝胁迫总体上均可使花生叶片的4种抗氧化酶POD、SOD、CAT、GR活性提高,随着胁迫的加深活性降低,复水后活性回落至对照水平,且旱甚于涝。MDA含量总体变化趋势是干旱胁迫下各品种花生叶片中MDA含量有所升高,并于复水解除干旱胁迫后恢复至对照水平;而湿涝处理阶段,MDA含量呈直线上升趋势,在胁迫解除后有所降低。中花8号、豫花15、湘花2008等3个花生品种具有显著不同的水分适应性,中花8号抗旱性更强而耐涝性较弱,豫花15抗旱性较弱而耐涝性强,湘花2008抗旱性中等而耐涝性更强,为水分广适性品种。

Experiment was conducted to study the effect of abrupt droughts-floods on physiology and biochemistry in three peanut cultivars： Zhonghua 8（drought resistant）,Yuhua 15（waterlogging resistant） and Xianghua 2008（drought and waterlogging resistant）.After different gradient droughts-floods,the relative leaf water content,peroxidase（POD） activity,catalase（CAT） activity,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity,glutathione oxidoreductase（GR） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） content changes in three peanut cultivars were compared.Results showed that the effect of drought stress on relative leaf water content was greater than waterlogging.The activity of POD,CAT,SOD and GR increased under drought and waterlogging stress,but decreased under severe stress,then dropped to control level after restoring water supply.MDA content increased under drought stress stage then dropped to control level with water recovery;increased linearly under waterlogging stress stage,then decreased with released stress.There were significant differences in water adaptability in three peanut varieties.Zhonghua 8 showed better drought resistance than waterlogging resistance;Yuhua 15 showed better waterlogging resistance than drought resistance;Xianghua 2008 showed the best waterlogging resistance and better drought resistance,and was suitable for both moisture conditions.