论国际商事仲裁程序的开始——兼评中国仲裁机构的实践

On the Commencement of International Commercial Arbitration: Conments on the Pratice of Chinese Arbitration Institutions

国际商事仲裁程序开始,不仅是一个客观事实,而且具有法律上的多重效果:争议案件系属于仲裁庭、仲裁时效中断、索赔计算的起算点。尽管仲裁程序何时开始,各国立法与仲裁机构的仲裁规则不尽一致,但大体可分为当事人约定、被申请人收到申请人的仲裁通知之日、仲裁机构收到仲裁请求之日、以仲裁员不同选定方式来确定。以上几种方式均为当事人意思自治在仲裁程序领域的体现。考察中国仲裁机构的相关实践,仲裁机构"受理"仲裁案件成为惟一标准。这种作法不但有违仲裁程序自治,且仲裁机构有越权之嫌。在未来修法或仲裁规则修订中,应予以完善。

The commencement of international commercial arbitration is not only an objective fact but also has legal multi - effects ： the pending arbitration proceeding , interruption of prescribed period for arbitration and the point of the claim calculation for compensation. The commencement of international commercial arbitration varies from dif- ferent domestic legislations and arbitral rules, but it could be divided into four types： party autonomy, the date of received the arbitration notice by the respondent, the date of received the arbitration application by the arbitration institutions and mode of arbitrator selection. All of the four types above mentioned embody the party autonomy. From the perspective of the practice of Chinese Arbitration Institutions, the only criterion of the commencement of international commercial arbitration is acceptance of the arbitral case by the arbitration institution, which is not ac- cordance with the autonomy of arbitral procedure and the arbitration institution exceeds its power. In the future a mendment of Chinese Arbitration Law and arbitral rules, this kind of rule should be revised.