唐代长安公主道观的开发与利用

Exploration and Utilization of Princess Taoist Temple in Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty

道教在唐代被奉为国教,先后有十余位公主入道为冠。目前能明确考察出来的公主道观共有七处,分别是太平公主的太平观、金仙公主的金仙观、玉真公主的玉真观、咸宜公主的咸宜观、新昌公主的新昌观、永穆公主的华封观(又名万安观)和华阳公主的宗道观(又名华阳观)。这些公主道观都是由长安的豪宅改建而成,代表了除皇宫以外唐代长安最高的建筑水平和建筑风格,充分展现了唐代繁荣而深厚的文化气象。由于这些观的地理位置和历史文化特点不同,它们的开发与利用价值也不同,太平观和咸宜观最具开发的可能性,其次是新昌观、华封观和宗道观,金仙观和玉真观开发的困难最大。为了确保开发的效益,公主道观的开发一定与其他旅游资源相配合,一方面要突出宗教的特点,同时也要突出女性文化特色,太平公主的道观最好能和瓦胡同村改造结合起来。

Taoism was the state religion in the Tang Dynasty, about ten princesses became nuns. Up to now, 7 Taoist temples had been identified, i.e. Taiping Temple for Princess Taiping, Jinxian Temple for Princess Jinxian, Yuzhen Temple for Princess Yuzhen, Xianyi Temple for Princess Xianyi, Xinchnag Temple for Prin- cess Xinchang, Huafeng Temple for Princess Yongmu （also named Wan＇an Temple）, and Zongdao Temple for Princess Huayang （ also named Huayang Temple）. All these temples were rebuilt of rich houses, which re- presented the highest building skill, style, prosperity and cultural atmosphere in Chang＇ an in the Tang Dynas- ty except the Imperial Palace. Due to their differences in location, history and culture features, their values in exploration and utilization are also different. Taiping Temple and Xianyi Temple are of great potentials, fol- lowed by Xinchang Temple, Huafeng Temple and Zongdao Temple, the greatest difficulty is to be found in Jinxian Temple and Yuzhen Temple. The exploration of these temples should be combined with other tourist resources, featured by the Taoist religion and female culture so as to guarantee the profit. It is strongly recom- mended that the development of Taiping Temple be well combined with the renovation of Wahu Village.