“新史学”流派与唯物史观

The New History School and Historical Materialism

涌起于20世纪初的"新史学"思潮在五四以后并未消亡,而是逐渐演变为一大流派。其与唯物史观并不属于同一体系,但在史学主张上存在着诸多相通和暗合之处。因唯物史观居于更高的理论层次,故而就两派的相互影响而言,究以新史学受影响为大,有的学者甚至发生治学方向的转变;同时,也有学者在对唯物史观部分观点予以吸收的基础上,试图对新史学体系进行修正和重构,以与其相抗衡。具体而言,唯物史观对新史学派影响最为突出者,是其核心历史解释观点,即生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的矛盾运动决定社会基本进程;推动和影响社会进程的诸项原因中,经济的前提和条件归根结底是决定性的,而与其他条件形成合力。新中国成立以后,新史学派继续加强或重新学习唯物史观,从而使学术研究达到新的境界,其中以周予同最有代表性。

Surges of the 20th century 'new history' ideological trend in the May Fourth Movement did not die,but gradually developed into a great school.They did not belong to the same theory with historical materialism.Materialism was in higher level in the historical theory,which had great influence on the new history and some scholars even changed research direction.At the same time,some scholars absorbed some viewpoints of historical materialism in order to try to reconstruct the new historical system.Specifically,the most prominent influence is the core of historical explanation view that productive forces and production relations,economic foundation and superstructure contradictory movement decided to social basic process;promote and influence of the social process of reasons,the premise and economic conditions in the final analysis;it is decisive,and form the joint effort with other conditions.The new history school continued to strengthen or learn again on historical materialism after new China was founded,and academic research up to a new realm.Zhou Yu-tong was the most representative.