西藏高海拔地区儿童的砖茶型氟中毒

Fluorosis induced by drinking brick tea among children in high altitude areas,Tibet

西藏那曲镇是世界上最高城镇之一 (海拔 45 0 0m) ,该地藏胞有长期饮用砖茶的习惯。为了解高海拔对砖茶型氟中毒的影响 ,使用FAO和WHO推荐的膳食与氟水平调查方法 ,Horowitz氟斑牙检查法 ,对这个镇一所学校及附近牧场共 3 2 3名藏族儿童 ,15户藏民家庭进行了膳食结构、饮茶习惯、环境氟水平、氟斑牙和尿氟含量的检查和检测。结果表明 ,藏族儿童氟斑牙患病率达 86 6 6 % ,氟斑牙指数 3 6 6 ,属氟中毒重度流行区。平均每人每日摄入 9 3 43mg的氟 ,99%以上来自砖茶。本研究从流行病学方面证实了有关海拔与氟中毒的实验室研究结果。

Background:Naqu town of Tibet is one of the highest towns in the world,its altitude is 4500m. The population group here has a long tradition of drinking brick tea with high concentration of fluorine.Methods:Food structure,drinking tea habits and environmental fluorine levels were investigated from 15 randomly selected Tibetan families according to the method by WHO/FAO,and the dental fluorosis and urinary fluorine contents of 323 Tibetan children were measured in three primary schools and a high school in Naqu town.Results:The results showed that the prevalence and index of dental fluorosis among Tibetan children are 86\^66% and 3\^66,respectively,it belongs to severe prevalent.Total fluorine intake of Naqu Tibetan children is 9\^434mg/person/day.Of this total fluorine,more than 99% comes from brick tea.Conclusion:The study proved that high altitude may increase the risk of fluorosis.