英国议会起源再研究

The New Theory on the Origin of the English Parliament

中世纪英国形成了多元化的社会政治结构,为民权的存在和发展提供了宝贵的空间,成为培育议会制度的历史土壤。13世纪贵族限制王权的斗争是议会产生的直接动力,不仅创立了一套独立的议会制度,而且为地方代表出席议会创造了有利条件。地方代表的出席是中世纪议会的重要特征,以自身地位的提高为基础,地方代表在14世纪早期成为议会的固定成员,并拥有了批税权、请愿权等维护自身权利的有力工具,这标志着中世纪议会制度的确立。

Medieval England had formed the multiple social and political structure, which provided valuable space for the exist- ence and development of the civil rights, became the historical soils of cultivating parliamentary system. In the 13th century, the struggle of the nobles limiting the kingship is the direct power of the birth of parliament, which not only created a set of independent parliamentary system, but also created the favorable conditions for the local representatives to attending the parliament. The attendance of the local representatives is the important character of medieval parliament. Basing the enhancement of their own status, the local representatives became the fixed members of parliament in the early 14th century, and had the power to approve taxation, petition which powerfully safeguarded their own rights. This marked the establishment of the medieval parliamentary institution.