4种发酵法炮制中药材的微生物初步研究

Initial Study on Microbial of Four Kinds of Chinese Medicinal Materials Processed by Fermentation Method

目的:通过对发酵法炮制的4种中药材(生神曲、生建曲、生半夏曲、生淡豆豉)进行相关的微生物培养、鉴定及分析,进而确定其内在质量,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法:采用血平板、沙氏、中国蓝及常规空气4种培养皿分别对上述中药材进行细菌培养及形态学检测。结果:4种中药材在常规空气培养皿中均培养出较多杂菌,在中国蓝培养皿中均培养出一定量G-杆菌。在血平板中培养出不同程度的G+杆菌、G-杆菌、G+球菌、真菌孢子等,在沙氏培养基中只有生神曲及生建曲培养出真菌并形态学鉴定为酵母菌。结论:生神曲和生建曲培养出较多的真菌酵母菌为发酵法产生的有益菌,而生半夏曲和生淡豆豉却未发现有真菌存在,因此应提醒关注发酵炮制的过程,进一步确保药材质量。

Objective： Four kinds of Chinese medicinal materials （medicated leaven, Jianqu, pinellia rhizome fermented mass, semen sojae praeparatum） processed by fermentation method were studied through the correlative microbial culture, identification and analysis, to confirm the inherent quality and provide reference for using medicinal materials safely and effectively in clinical. Method： Four kinds of culture dishes （blood plate, Sabouraud, Chinese blue and conventional air） were used to make bacterial culture and morphological testing to the above Chinese medicinal materials. Result： The four Chinese medicinal materials were all cultured more miscellaneous bacteria in the conventional air dishes; gram-negative bacilli were cultured in some Chinese blue Petri dishes; while gram-positive bacillus, gram-negative bacillus, gram-positive coccus and fungal spores were cultured in blood plate in varying degrees; in sabouraud medium, only raw medicated leaven and raw Jianqu could culture fungoid which was distinguished as microzyme by morphological identification. Conclusion： Raw medicated leaven and Jianqu cultured more fungoid microzyme which were beneficial bacteria produced by fermentation. But fungoid have not been found in pinellia rhizome fermented mass and semen sojae praeparatum. Therefore, attention should be paid to the process of fermentation processing, so as to further ensure the quality of medicine materials.