1982～1998年西安市非职业接触女性血铅和血镉水平的调查研究

Investigation and Research on the Levels of Lead and Cadmium in Blood Among Wemen Non-occupationally Exposed to Lead and Cadmium in Xian During 1982~1998.

[目的 ]探讨非职业接触人群血铅和血镉水平及其变化趋势 ,为评估分析环境铅和镉污染程度和污染来源提供科学依据。 [方法 ]按 WHO生物监测方法和程序于 1 982～ 1 998年对西安市非职业接触女性连续进行了血铅和血镉监测 ,并对相关人群做了一次性摸底对照监测。 [结果 ] 1 7年间女性血铅由 0 .2 80μmol/L升至 0 .438μmol/L,血镉由 4.45 nmol/L升至 6.32 nmol/L,上升幅度分别是 56.4%和 42 .0 %。人群对比显示城市女性血铅血镉水平显著高于乡镇对照组女性 (血铅 :P<0 .0 1 ;血镉 :P<0 .0 0 5)。 [结论 ] 1 982～ 1 998年间西安市生活环境中铅和镉污染在逐渐加重 ,除环境因素外 。

Objective]To understand the levels of blood lead and cadmium and its fluctuating tendency among population non occupationally exposed to lead and cadmium,and to provide basic scientific data for assessing and analyzing the situation and source of environmental lead and cadmium pollution.[Methods]A continouous monitoring on blood lead and cadmium was carried out among wemen non occupationally exposed to lead and cadmium in Xian during 1982~1998 according to the methods and procedure of biological monitoring recommended by WHO.[Results]During 1982~1998,the levels of blood lead increased from 0.280 μmol/L to 0.438 μmol/L,the levels of blood cadmium increased from 4 45 nmol/L to 6 32 nmol/L,which increased 56 4% and 42 0% respectively more than those in 1982 among observed wemen.The blood lead levels and blood cadmium levels among observed wemen in urban area were significantly higher than those in villages and towns (blood lead level: P <0.01,blood cadmium level: P< 0 005).[Conclusion]The lead and cadmium pollution of living environment was gradually serious in Xian during 1982~1998.Some individual factors besides environmental factors could also effect the blood lead levels and blood cadmium levels among wemen non occupationally exposed to lead and cadmium in Xian.