富铜斑岩岩浆形成机制与演化过程

Formation mechanism and evolution process of copper-rich porphyry magma

斑岩铜矿在现代经济和科学中扮演了重要的角色,已成为一种最重要的铜矿床类型。自Schwartz(1947)首次使用"斑岩铜矿(porphyry copper deposit)"术语以来,地质学家对其开展了系统研究,取得一系列重要进展。本文对斑岩铜矿成矿岩浆形成机制及演化过程的研究进展进行了总结与回顾。结果显示,富铜斑岩岩浆的形成经历了在洋壳俯冲或大陆岩石圈地壳拆沉机制下形成含矿岩浆,中间岩浆房岩浆的结晶分异与成矿流体、成矿物质的富集,以及富成矿流体与成矿物质的岩浆(富矿斑岩岩浆)上侵至地壳浅部结晶固化并与围岩、地下水相互作用等过程,斑岩铜矿是该"生产线"的"终端产品"。最后,本文对斑岩铜矿形成机制待进一步研究的一些问题进行了思考与概括。

Porphyry copper deposits,as one of the most important copper deposits in the world,play a vital role in modern economic and science.Since Schwartz（1947） firstly defined ＂Porphyry copper deposit＂,geologists had paid great attentions on it.Proceedings on formation mechanism and evolution process of porphyry copper deposits show that formation of copper-rich porphyry magma involved a series of processes as follows：formation of ore-bearing magma related to subduction of oceanic crust or detachment of continental lithospheric crust,crystallization and fractionation of magma and enrichment of ore-forming fluids and material in median magma chamber,crystallization and solidification of ore-rich porphyry magma in shallow crust,interaction between ore-rich porphyry magma and ambient rocks.Porphyry copper deposits were final products of the ＂product line＂.Finally,some hot topics of origin of porphyry copper deposits and ore-forming magma were discussed in this contribution.