梅毒流行病学和诊疗现状分析

Current state of epidemiology,diagnosis and treatment of syphilis

梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体感染引起的一种慢性传染病,主要传播方式为性接触、血液传播和垂直传播,危害性极大。近年来,梅毒疫情呈上升趋势,已成为我国发病率最高的性传播疾病。梅毒的发病率存在地区差异性,发病人群有从高危人群向普通人群扩大的趋势,尤其是农民工、老年患者发病率较高。目前,梅毒的实验室诊断主要有病原学诊断、血清学诊断、组织病理诊断、基因诊断和脑脊液检查。血清学检查因其简便、可靠,目前临床上应用最为广泛。梅毒的治疗应遵循早期、规范、足量的原则。青霉素是治疗梅毒的首选药。

Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum, mainly through sexual contact, blood trans- mission and vertical transmission, and causes great harm. In recent years, syphilis epidemic has shown an ascendant trend, and syphilis has already had the highest incidence among venereal diseases in our country. The incidence of syphilis exists regional dif- ferences, and patients expands from high-risk population to general population, especially migrant workers and elderly patients should be given due attention. Nowadays, laboratory examinations of syphilis include pathological examination, serological testing, histopathological examination, gene diagnosis and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Serological examination is the most widely used method because of its convenience and reliability. Early and standardized treatment with sufficient dose should be followed for syphilis, and penicillin is the first option for the treatment of syphilis.