2株消化道优势菌对凡纳滨对虾免疫酶活性和抗白斑综合征病毒感染力的影响

Effects of digestive tract probiotics on immune enzyme activity and anti-WSSV ability of Litopenaeus vannamei

以凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,在基础饲料中分别添加从健康对虾消化道中分离纯化的优势菌菌株——美人鱼发光杆菌PC463和坚强芽孢杆菌PC465(菌含量≥1011CFU/g)的活菌和破碎菌各1 g/kg,观察其对凡纳滨对虾血淋巴免疫酶活性和抗WSSV感染保护率的影响。经过20 d养殖实验后发现,与对照组相比,饲料中添加坚强芽孢杆菌活菌的免疫组和添加美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌的免疫实验,其凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在不同程度上有所提高,并显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。WSSV感染后饲料中添加坚强芽孢杆菌活菌的免疫组存活率(53%±12%)和添加美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌的免疫组存活率(49%±15%)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明:饲料中添加坚强芽孢杆菌活菌和美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌可以在一定程度上提高凡纳滨对虾免疫酶活性和抗WSSV感染能力,上述有防病作用的益生菌株以饲料添加剂的方式应用于对虾养殖生产,可望成为对虾白斑病生物防治的有效途径之一。

A 20 days feeding experiment was conducted to study the effects of probiotics on immune enzyme activity（alkaline phosphatase AKP,a cidic phosphatase ACP,superoxide dismutase SOD,catalase CAT and lysozyme UL）and anti-WSSV ability of Litopenaeus vannamei.Diets were supplemented with Photobacterium damsela（live,≥1011 CFU/g or inactivated,1 g/kg）or Bacillus firmus（live,≥1011 CFU/g or inactivated,1 g/kg）.Controls were fed non-supplemented diet.In this experiment,feeding the bacteria species（inactivated P.damsela;live Bacillus firmus）significantly increased serum ACP,AKP,SOD and CAT compared with controls（P0.05）,at the same time,their cumulative morality were（49%±15%）and（53%±12%）respectively,which were significantly increased compared with controls（P0.05）.The present results suggested that the diets supplemented with B.firmus（live）or P.damsela（inactivated）could improve immune enzyme activity and anti-WSSV ability of shrimp,and the probiotics with the function of preventing disease could be used as one of effective ways of biological prevention and control to WSSV.