大鼠创伤性脑损伤合并失血性休克模型的建立

Establishment of rat model of traumatic brain injury combined with hemorrhagic shock

目的建立一种大鼠创伤性脑损伤合并失血性休克的模型。方法采用自由落体撞击法联合静脉损伤法制作大鼠创伤性脑损伤合并失血性休克模型，并记录相关生理学参数。神经功能量表测量神经损伤评分，干湿重法测量脑水肿程度，伊文思蓝（EB）染色法测量血脑屏障（bloodbrainbarrier，BBB）破坏程度，HE染色及免疫组织化学染色评估脑组织病理学改变。结果该模型造成大鼠血压在3min内从95mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）降至25mmHg左右，1h后仍维持于60mmHg左右。神经损伤评分明显升高。脑组织含水量从77％左右上升至81％左右。脑组织残留伊文思蓝升高了1倍多。HE染色可见脑组织神经元皱缩、嗜酸性深染、细胞周围空泡等。免疫组织化学染色可见神经元β-淀粉样前体蛋白（β-amyloid preeulsor protein，β-APP）含量明显升高。结论成功模拟创伤性脑损伤合并失血性休克的大鼠模型，并复制出脑水肿、血脑屏障破坏、神经元受损、β-APP表达等主要病理变化。

Objective To establish rat model of traumatic brain injury combined with hemorrhag- ic shock. Methods Rat models of traumatic brain injury （ produced by free fall impact method） combined with hemorrhagic shock （produced by venous injury method） were established and the related phys- iological parameters were recorded. The neurological impairment score, cerebral edema degree and blood brain barrier （BBB） were determined by using neurofunction scales, dry-wet method and Evans blue （EB） respectively. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were applied to evaluate the pathologi- cal changes in brain sections. Results Blood pressure dropped from 95 mm Hg to 25 mm Hg within three minutes after modeling and maintained around 60 mm Hg one hour later. Neurological impairment score was increased dramatically. The ratio of water content in the brain tissue was elevated nearly from 77% to 81%. The concentration of EB residual in the brain tissue was increased more than one fold. Neuronal pathological abnormalities, including neuron shrinking, dark eosinophilic staining, perineuronal vacuole in HE staining, and positive staining of β-amyloid precursor protein （13-APP） in immunohisto- chemical staining were also observed. Conclusions Rat models of traumatic brain injury combined with hemorrhagic shock are successfully established. In addition, the main pathological changes, such as cerebral edema, disruption of BBB, neuron damage, and expression of β-APP are replicated.