甬-台-温高速公路（温州段）交通伤特点及事故危险因素分析

Characteristics and risk factors of traffic injuries in Wenzhou part of Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou highway

目的调查分析甬-台-温高速公路（温州段）交通伤的特点，并分析事故危险因素，为进一步提高高速公路交通伤害救治水平提供依据。方法收集发生于宁波-台州-温州（简称甬-台-温）高速公路（温州段）交通事故的原始数据，用描述流行病学分析交通伤特点，分析调查指标，筛选交通事故的危险因素。结果2005年1月1日-2009年12月31日（5年间普通程序处理的事故）甬-台-温高速公路（温州段）发生交通事故308起，累计伤亡603例，其中死亡157例。高速公路伤亡人数逐年下降，但总死亡率仍然较高（26．04％），且男性交通伤风险高于女性。头部和四肢是高速公路交通伤中最常见的损伤部位，且头部损伤及骨盆损伤是造成死亡的主要原因。事故高发时段为0：00～8：00，事故形态特征以尾随相撞最为多见（39．29％）。危险因素包括路段的照明条件差、车辆超载、男性驾驶员、无证驾驶、疲劳驾车及超速行驶。结论甬-台-温高速公路（温州段）交通伤发生率及伤亡率高，而危险因素中以车辆超载及疲劳驾驶最常见。可针对性地对男性、低驾龄驾驶员进行行车安全培训及交通安全意识教育，杜绝超载行驶、疲劳驾驶和超速行驶。

Objective To study the characteristics and explore risk factors of traffic injuries in Wenzhou part of the Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou （Yong-tai-wen for short） highway during 2005-2009 so as to provide scientific evidence for promoting prevention and cure level of highway traffic injury. Methods The original data of traffic accident in Wenzhou part of the Yong-tai-wen highway during 2005-2009 were collected to carry out the descriptive epidemiological investigation of the injury characteristics. Simultane- ously, multi-factor analysis was conducted to screen out the risk factors for traffic accidents. Results A total of 308 traffic accidents involving 603 casualties （ 157 deaths） were interviewed during 2005-2009. The casualties from expressway traffic accidents declined yearly, but annual death rate was still very high （26.04%）. Meanwhile, the males were more likely subjected to traffic injuries than females. The most common injury sites were the head and limb and the main fatal injuries were the head and pelvic injuries. Accident-prone period was from 0：00 to 8：00 in the morning and traffic scenarios were mainly character- ized by rear collision （39%）. Risk factors for traffic accidents included poor lighting conditions, overloa- ded vehicles on the road sections, male drivers, driving without a license, fatigue driving and speeding. Conclusions Traffic accidents present high incidence and casualty rates, and are mainly resulted from overloaded and fatigue driving. Therefore, the training and education on safe driving should be done par- ticularly for the males and low driving age drivers to strictly forbid the overload driving, fatigue driving or overspeed driving.