西部两县低年级小学生营养与食品安全知识、态度、行为状况及影响因素分析

Nutrition and food safety and influence factors for lower grade pupils in 2 counties in West China

目的：了解西部两县1~3年级学生营养与食品安全的知识、态度、行为（knowledge,attitude andpractice,KAP）现状,存在的问题及主要的影响因素,为今后有效地开展健康教育提供依据。方法：对云南省会泽县、陕西省镇安县的510名1~3年级的小学生进行营养与食品安全KAP问卷调查,分析营养与食品安全知识知晓情况的影响因素。结果：1~3年级小学生营养与食品安全知识总的知晓率为74.4%,得分为11.16±2.51,其中＂每天至少应该喝几杯水＂的知晓率仅为7.8%。非常赞同＂有必要在学校学习一些营养知识＂和＂有必要在学校学习一些食品安全知识＂学生的比例分别为78.6%,73.9%。在7个方面能保持正确行为的学生为50%;每天或经常吃豆类食品、肉的学生分别为28.4%,34.9%;每天喝7杯以上水的学生仅为9.2%。多元线性回归分析结果显示影响知识得分的主要因素为地区、年级、是否寄宿以及是否独生子女4个因素。结论：应针对＂每天至少喝几杯水＂等知识薄弱环节加强营养与食品安全教育,引导合理饮食行为的形成;低年级学生、非独生子女、寄宿学生应该作为重点干预对象。

Objective： To explore the knowledge of, attitude to and practice in nutrition and food safety, the in uence factors, and to provide reference for relevant health education programs. Methods： A total of 510 randomly selected students from Grade 1 to 3 randomly selected were surveyed by a nutrition and food safety questionnaire in Huize of Yunnan Province and Zhen＇an of Shaanxi Province. Multiple-linear regression was used to analyze the influence factors of nutrition and food safety. Results： The correct answer rate on nutrition and food safety knowledge of the pupils from Grade 1 to 3 was 74.4%. Nutrition and food safety knowledge score was 11.16±2.51, but only 7.8% of the students correctly answered ＂How much water should we drink every day＂. Students who agreedthat it is necessary to learn nutrition and food safety knowledge in school accounted for 78.6% and 73.9%, respectively. At least half of the students showed correct behaviors in 7 aspects.The students who ate beans and meat daily or regularly accounted for 28.4% and 34.9%, but only 9.2% of the students drank more than 7 cups of water daily.The multiple-linear regression showed that the major in uence factors were the area, grade, status of lodge and singleton. Conclusion： Education is needed for students to form better dietary habits, especially those in low grades, non-singleton, and in board schools.