小规模、大规模:哪个更优?——美国学校规模与中小学学业成绩关系的实证研究综述

Small Size,Big Size:Which is Better? —A Review on the Empirical Researches on the Relationship between School Size and Primary and Secondary School Students'Academic Achievement in America

学校规模与中小学学业成绩的关系是美国学者关于学校规模影响研究的主要视角之一,现已取得丰硕的研究成果。通过对这些成果的梳理和分析,研究者发现学校规模与中小学学业成绩的关系较复杂,社会经济地位、年级水平以及学者对学校规模的不同界定是影响这一关系的重要变量。从现有的文献资料来看,美国学者的研究方法具有教育生产函数的取向,研究结果具有较大的差异性,然而,正是这些差异性的研究结果推动了美国学校改革的进程。

The relationship between school size and primary and secondary school student academic achievement is one of the important perspectives of American scholars about the effect of school size,which has received fruitful research results.By sorting out and analyzing these results,it is can be found that the relationship between primary and secondary school size and academic achievement is more complex,and it is affected by socio-economic status,grade level and the different definition of school size.From the existing literatures,the U.S.academic research methods with educational production function approach,the findings have greater differences.However,it is these different findings that contribute to the school reform progress in America.