美国英才教育中的选拔机制:能力要求与方法选择

The Identification Mechanism in American Gifted and Talented Education:Capability Requirements and Method Selection

英才的选拔是英才教育的起点和重点,美国在英才教育选拔方面积累了宝贵的经验。在能力要求上,联邦政策聚焦于智力水平、创新能力、艺术领域、领导能力以及特定学科领域。在此基础上,州政府对英才的能力要求已形成较大共识,但具体关注仍存在差异;在方法选择上,州政府开发并综合运用推选、标准化测验和其他非正式方法。美国的经验对我国英才教育选拔机制的形成与完善具有很强的借鉴意义。

The identification of gifted and talented students has been identified as the beginning and emphasis of gifted and talented education.In this area,American education has accumulated a wealth of valuable experience.In terms of capability requirements,the federal policies focus on students＇ intellectual capability,creative capability,capability in artistic areas,leadership capacity,and capability in specific academic fields.State governments have come to a consensus on these federal capability requirements,however,different state governments highlight different capabilities.In terms of methods selection,state governments have developed and employed useful methods,including electing,standardized tests,and others informal methods.American experience can provide important reference for the forming and development of identification mechanism in Chinese gifted and talented education.