基于生命周期分析方法的化肥与有机肥对比评价

Comparative Evaluation of Chemical and Organic Fertilizer on the Base of Life Cycle Analysis Methods

利用生命周期评价方法,对化肥和有机肥进行生命周期资源消耗与污染物排放清单分析,在此基础上进行了生命周期对比评价。结果表明,化肥的环境影响主要是施肥过程中NH3挥发引起的环境酸化,其次是能源耗竭、全球变暖;有机肥的环境影响主要集中在堆肥过程中引起的环境酸化,其次是全球变暖、富营养化。综合比较,在整个生命周期内,有机肥的资源耗竭、全球变暖潜值、环境酸化潜值、富营养化潜值均较化肥小。若用有机肥替代化肥使用,生命周期环境影响综合指数将由化肥的1.4141变为0.5058,将会减少能耗59.22GJ,全球变暖潜力、环境酸化潜力、富营养化潜力分别比化肥降低17.54%,62.64%,52.86%。所以,从平衡生命周期能源消耗、环境排放角度出发,有机肥具有替代化肥的潜力。

In this study,life cycle assessment methodology is used to establish the inventory of resources＇ consumption and pollutant discharge.Then the comparative assessment of the life cycle was analyzed.The results showed that the significant environmental impact factor of chemical fertilizer was acidification which caused by NH3 volatilization during the process of fertilization,and the next factors were global warming and energy depletion.The environmental impact of organic manure on the environment ordered as acidification,global warming and eutrophication.For the whole life cycle resource depletion,global warming potential,acidification potential value of the environment and eutrophication potential value of organic fertilizer were all lower than chemical fertilizer.The aggregate life cycle environmental impact index of fertilizer was 1.4141 in comparison with 0.5058 for organic fertilizer.If chemical fertilizer were replaced by organic fertilizer,the integrative index of life cycle on the environment would reduce from 1.4141（chemical fertilizer） to 0.5058 and the energy consumption would reduce 59.22 GJ.Compared to chemical fertilizer,the potential of global warming,acidification and eutrophication would be reduced by 17.54%,62.64% and 52.86%,respectively.Thus,the environment impact load for organic fertilizer was lower than chemical fertilizer,and organic fertilizer had the potential to displace chemical fertilizer with the consideration of energy consumption balance and environmental pollutant discharge.