清初汗号与满蒙关系

The Title "Khan" in the Early Qing Dynasty and Manchu-Mongol Relations

汗,作为北亚民族首领的名号很早就开始使用了。在以往的研究中,没有充分注意到清早期最高首领名号的历史渊源和蒙古背景问题。本文试图从早期满蒙关系的角度,考察清初三位汗的汗号源流与背景。文章指出,汗号是通过蒙古各部传入包括满洲在内的女真各部的;不管亚洲东北部满蒙地区各部落的内部组织如何,他们在政治机构的构造上已经形成了共同的制度文化。

As the title of the chief of northern Asian tribes,'Khan' has been used for a very long period.In the past studies,less attentions were paid to the historical origin of the highest title of the chief in the early stage of the Qing Dynasty and its Mongolian background.This article studies the origin,development,and context of the titles of the three 'Khan's from the view of the early Manchu-Mongol relations,and points out that it is through the Mongolian tribes that the title 'Khan' was introduced into the Jurchen tribes which includes the Manchus.No matter what the internal organization of the tribes in Manchu and Mongol area of northeastern Asia is like,a common system culture has been formed in the construction of their political organization.