晚清教育转型中学政的角色转变与裁改

On the Change and Abolishment of the Role of Provincial Education Directors in the Late Qing Dynasty

科举时代,学政的主要职责是进行岁科考试。近代以来,对于新式人才的需要日亟,部分学政迎应变局,开始在考试和书院中增试西学。为发展新式教育,清廷废除科举,学政的角色由此转变,开始由主持考试的差官向管理教育的官员转变。但未久,清政府裁撤学政,在各省设提学使,作为督抚下属,负责一省之教育事务。这一撤旧更新的举措,体现了清代社会由以科举为重心向以教育为重心的转变,亦是晚清由传统教育向新式教育转型的主要一环。

Before 1905,when the Civil Service Examination was held,the provincial director of education was mainly responsible for provincial examination in the Qing dynasty.When more professionals with new knowledge were urgently needed in the modern period,some directors began to add western learning into the Civil Service Examination and school education.In order to develop the new style education,the court of the Qing dynasty abolished the Civil Service Examination.Thus,the provincial director of education who previously held examination mainly supervised education in the province.Shortly,the court of the Qing dynasty abolished the position of the provincial director of education and set education commissioner.As a subordinate official under general-governor,the commissioner was responsible for education affairs in a province.The change of the official positions indicated that the court of the Qing dynasty transferred its focus from examination to education and a change from traditional education to new style education.