从东西方比较看东亚国家社会保障的同质性

A Comparative Study on the Homogeneity of Social Welfare Systems in East Asian Countries

人生面临的风险以及影响人生风险的因素在整体上具有相似性,但人类化解风险的机制却会因相关影响因素的不同而有所不同。与欧美国家相比,受历史传统、文化、价值取向以及现实政治体制、经济制度和社会发展状况等因素深刻影响的东亚国家社会保障制度,在制度形成目的、建立原则、覆盖对象、提供主体以及发展动力等方面有着明显的不同,这些不同恰恰体现了东亚国家社会保障制度在一定程度上存在着同质性。

The life risks human beings face as well as the factors affecting them are almost similar on a whole, however, mechanisms for human beings to resolve risks are diverse due to relevant influencing factors. In comparison with social security systems in Europe and America countries, there are obvious differences in the purpose of systems establishment, principles, objects, main providers, development powers and other aspects of social security systems in East Asian countries owing to the fact that the systems have been deeply affected by historical tradition, culture, value orientation, real politic sys- tem, economic system, status of social development and other factors. Such differences have, to some extent, directly embodied that there is homogeneity of social welfare systems in East Asian countries, which might be classified into the same welfare model.