关于公有经济收入差别倒U理论的讨论与验证(上)

Public Ownership Income Distribution Inverted-U Hypothesis: Discussions and Tests

在经济发展方式逐步从增长型向分配型、从生产型向消费型、从建设型向民生型转变的过程中,回顾和总结学术界关于居民收入分配差别的讨论显然是必要的。文章从多个方面回顾、分析和考察了"公有经济收入差别倒U理论"这一理论模型提出后的争论焦点及演变过程,包括围绕这一理论所讨论的主要内容,比如有关公有制经济与私有制经济条件的比较分析,有关劳动差别、劳动供求、剩余/生计比以及农村收入差别大于城镇差别等两部门内部各种因素的趋势、二元结构部门转换影响收入差别的讨论,有关国有资本积累及改革引起的民营资本积累、税收政策和体制改革对收入差别变动趋势的影响的讨论,以及这一理论在中国的验证等。分析表明,目前中国居民收入差别还在沿着公有经济收入差别倒U曲线的前半段逐步呈"阶梯形"上升,但上升的势头已经趋缓,并且个别方面比如城市化等因素导致的收入差别已经初现下降趋势。

With the pattern of economic development in China gradually shifting from being growth-oriented to distribution- or consumption-focused, it is clearly necessary to review and summarize academic discussions on income distribution. Given that theoretical models of income distribution are rare in China, the Public Ownership Income Distribution （POID） Inverted-U hypothesis developed by Chen is a good model for this field. In this paper, we review and analyze the central debates concerning this theoretical model and its evolutionary process from several aspects, including the main content of discussions on this theory, such as comparing basic conditions in the public and private sectors; the discussion on the trends of various factors such as labor differences, labor supply, surplus/sustenance ratio, greater rural inequity than urban in two sectors, and the effects of dual structure on income distribution ; and the discussion of the effects of state-owned and private capital accumulation caused by reform, tax policies and institutional reforms on the trends of income distribution, as well as the tests of the POID Inverted-U theory in China. We believe that the income inequality of Chinese residents gradually increased along the first half of the POID Inverted-U curve, but the momentum of that increase has begun to slow. Income distribution caused by some factors such as urbanization has begun to decline.