现代主流经济学的制度转向及其制度不及——兼论新制度主义的分析思维及其范式缺陷

Towards Institution Research of Modern Mainstream Economics and Its Incompetency——The Analysis Thought of New-Institutionalism and Its Paradigm Limitation

新古典经济学是研究既定制度下个体理性行为的学说,而社会制度的确立原则不同于属于个体的行为原则,因为社会制度涉及到众多社会性因素。不幸的是,流行的新制度主义恰恰舍弃了包括伦理、历史和权力等社会性因素,而试图把制度分析纳入新古典经济学框架,它或者基于博弈均衡来分析和解释那些正式规则,或者基于理性建模的互动行为分析来构设社会制度。正是基于这种抽象思维,新制度主义必然不能真正剖析制度的产生和演化,舍弃权力结构的博弈均衡所构设的社会制度。

Neo-classical economics studies individual＇s rational behavior under established institutions. In particular, it analyzes and interprets the social situation and individual＇s behavior under relatively perfect social institutions and relatively mature market mechanisms. However, the established principles of the social system in the public domain are clearly different from the behavioral principles of isolated individuals in the private domain, because the social system involves a number of social factors. Unfortunately, popular new institutionalism ignores social factors such as ethics and history, and adopts the transcendental rational thinking of neo-classical economics. As a result, it tries to bring the system into the analysis framework of neo-classical economics and make neo-classical economics generaliza- tions. It either analyzes and interprets those formal rules based on game equilibrium, or establishes the social system by analyzing the interactional behavior based on a rational model. Based on this abstract thinking, which lacks a his- torical perspective, new institutionalism cannot analyze the production and evolution of the system. Moreover, a more serious problem exists in trying to establish a social system based on rational choices while abandoning history.