广东沿海近江牡蛎重金属含量特征及其风险分析

The Content Variation Characteristics and Risk Analysis for Heavy Metal in Crassostrea rivularis Along the Coast of Guangdong Province,China

根据1997—2010年对广东沿海近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)的监测结果,对近江牡蛎体重金属元素镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)的含量水平、空间分布和时间变化进行了分析讨论,并对近江牡蛎这一经济水产品种的食用安全性进行了风险评估。结果表明,近江牡蛎Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的含量分别为(1.31±1.43)、(72.3±89.7)、(0.26±0.22)、(203±178)mg.kg-1,不同元素的含量与近江牡蛎对其累积能力有关。1997—2010年,广东沿海近江牡蛎体重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn的含量总体呈下降趋势;空间分布特征为中部沿海重金属元素含量高于东部和西部沿海。风险分析结果显示,近江牡蛎体Pb、Cd的暴露量低于世界卫生组织/联合国粮食和农业组织(WHO/FAO)的食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)的推荐值,处于安全范围内。

According to the survey data for the heavy metals in Crassostrea rivularis collected from 1997 to 2010 along the coast of Guangdong Province, China, the characteristics of content variation and spatialtemporal distribution for cadmium（ Cd ）, copper（Cu）, lead（Pb ） and zinc（Zn） were analyzed, and the risk of the edible safety for this species of commercial aquatic products caused by the heavy metals was also evaluated using the method of the point estimation. The results showed that the contents of the heavy metals changed with the cumulative capacity of Crassostrea rivularis with the averages of （1.31±1.43 ）, （72.3±89.7）, （0.26±0.22） rag＂ kg^-1 and （203±178） mg＂ kg^-1 for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively. From 1997 to 2010, it totally showed the declining trend for the contents of the heavy metals in Crassostrea rivularis along the coast .of Guangdong Province with the spatial distribution of higher in the middle coast and lower in the eastern coast and western coast. The risk evaluation showed that the exposure amounts of Pb and Cd in the human body by the diet of Crassostrea rivularis products were lower than the recommended value of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Addilives（JECFA） which was in the safe range.