现代历时性/共时性国际体系变迁中的结构性权力变化分析

An Analysis of Structural Power Changes in the Modern Diachronic/Synchronic International System Transformations

国际体系变迁是当今国际关系研究中的热点问题之一。由于界定标准的差异,国际体系变迁类型可以从不同的视角进行区分。本文中的历时性和共时性两种类型的国际体系变迁,是以时空标准来进行区分的。由于这两种类型的国际体系变迁存在时间上的延续和空间上的连接关系,因而这种归类有助于避免机械地将"体系本体转型"与"体系要素转型"割裂开来。在作为国际体系基本单位的不同——同质性与异质性——国际行为体之间,其结构性权力变化、结构性权力的持续时间和稳定性,以及结构性权力来源领域的相对重要性等,在这两种类型的国际体系变迁中呈现出各自不同的特点。现代历时性/共时性国际体系变迁中的结构性权力变化充分体现了这种差异。如果当今正在发生的是又一次历时性国际体系变迁——即从现代国际体系到后现代国际体系的变迁,那么其对新型国际体系的结构性权力变化将产生深远的影响。

Nowadays,the study of international system transformation(IST) is one of the hot topics in international relations studies.Based on different criteria,IST can be classified into different types.In this paper,the categorization of IST into two different types-diachronic IST and synchronic IST-is based on time and space.As space connection and time continuation exist between the two types of IST,such categorization can be helpful to avoid the mechanic separation of 'the transformation of the international system itself' from 'the transformation of elements in the international system'.Considering structural power change,with the different-homogeneous and heterogeneous-international actors as the basic units in the international system,different features have been demonstrated within these two types of IST,such as the different duration and various degrees of stability of structural powers and the relative significance of the sources out of which the structural power comes.The modern diachronic/synchronic IST has witnessed these striking differences.If what we are experiencing is another diachronic IST,namely,the transformation from the modern to post-modern international system,it will have far-reaching impacts on the structural power change within such a new type of international system.