中美两国“政府创新”之比较——基于中国与美国“政府创新奖”的分析

Government Innovations in China and the United States——A Comparative Survey Based on Chinese and American Government Innovation awards Programs

"政府创新"的工具性意义大于其价值性意义。无论何种政治体制,都希望自己的政府有更高的效率和更好的服务,因此,政府创新是世界各国的共同课题。虽然由于中美两国政治、经济体制和历史文化传统的不同,两国的政府创新存在着诸多反差和区别,但也存在着许多共同的特征和趋势。第一,"政府创新"在中美两国都是政治改革的重要内容。第二,中美两国政府创新的重点都是公共服务。公共服务类项目无论从申报还是从获奖的数量上,明显占多数。第三,所有获奖项目都受到了社会各界的广泛重视,具有重要的示范作用。第四,中美两国的政府创新都面临着动力不足的威胁。第五,中美两国的政府创新都面临着可持续性的压力。第六,民主治理在两国政府创新中的重要性正在迅速增加。第七,不断改善公共服务的质量,提高行政效率,降低行政成本,扩大公众参与,增强政治透明度和政治责任感,是中美政府创新的共同趋势。

It＇s fair to say that government innovation is a common task faced by all the governments across the globe. Government innovations in China and the US share some common characteristics and tendencies although there are also huge discrepancies due to different political and economic systems and cultural traditions in the two countries. First, ＂government innovations＂ are important components of political reform in the two countries. Second, public service has been the focus of government innovations in both China and the US. Public service related programs account for an overwhelming majority in the two countries both in terms of quantity of applicants and awards winners. Third, the award winners, both in China and the US, have attracted much attentions and to some extent become the pace-setters for further government innovations. Fourth, government innovations in the two countries are facing the challenge of decreasing momentums. Fifth, how to make government innovations sustainable is a big challenge both to China and the US. Sixth, democratic governance is becoming more prominent in the realm of government innovations both in the both countries. Seventh, China and the US share a set of similar tendencies in terms of government innovations, including improving the quality of public service, enhancing administrative efficiency, reducing administrative costs, broadening public participation, increasing political transparency as well as strengthening political accountability.