棉花资源收集、保存、评价与利用现状及未来

Current Situation and the Future in Collection,Preservation,Evaluation and Utilization of Cotton Germplasm in China

截至2010年12月,国家棉花种质中期库共保存棉花种质8868份,保存数量居世界第4位,其中陆地棉7362份、陆地棉野生种系350份、海岛棉633份、亚洲棉433份、草棉18份、野生种32份。共编目8503份,上交数据信息系统7527份,入长期库合格7298份,未能入长期库保存种质2194份。完善了繁殖更新技术,繁殖更新种质6550份,2001-2010年,共向704人次提供11507份棉花种质,年均1150份。2007-2010年对330份优异种质在河南安阳、江苏南京、新疆库车进行了精准鉴定,并进行了优异种质展示。近十年,创造了不同基因源且具有优质、专用、多抗、高产、高效等多个重要性状的优异基因聚合的新种质32份,并分别对12份棉花优异种质,从形态学、系谱和分子标记等方面进行了基因源和利用价值的分析,并定位相关基因。用简单重复序列(SSR)、EST-SSR、AFLP等分子标记,结合一种新方法"十进制数字串条形码",构建了优异种质特有的"分子身份证"。

Cotton collection in China ranks fourth in the world. Total 8868 accessions were collected and pre- served including 7362 G. hirsutum,350 G. hirsutum race,633 G. barbadence,433 G. arbareum, 18 G. herbaceous,32 wild spieies until December in 2010. Based on IPGRI standard description for cotton （1980） ,we established the ＂Descriptors and Data Standard for Cotton Germplasm＂ which help for cotton data collection ,germplasm sharing and utilization. 66 agronomic traits including morphological, agronomic ,fiber quality, disease, insect and adverse re- sistance were evaluated . 8503 accessions cotton seeds were catalogged,7527 accessions were acquired data informa- tion,the eligible 7298 accessions were kept in the longterm genebank. The techniques for increasing seeds were perfectly test, and the seeds of 6550 accessions were propagated again, 11507 accessions were released to 704 per- son-times with average of 1150 accessions per year in 2001-2010. A precise verification for 330 elite germplasm were carried out in Anyang of Henan, Nanjing of ]iangsu,Kuche of Xinjiang in 2007-2010,They were shown to the breeders and famers in the fields. In past decade,32 novel germ- plasms combined mutiple disirable traits such as better fiber quality, mutiple-resistanee , high yield ,high efficience etc. were developed. The related gene location and their gene sources of 12 elite germplasm were analyzed based on morphological,pedgree original and molecular characters. The fingerprints of elite germplasm were established based on a novel barcode method with denary numeric string of SSR,EST-SSR,AFLPmarkers.