全球海相碳酸盐岩巨型油气田发育的构造环境及勘探启示

Tectonic Settings of Global Marine Carbonate Giant Fields and Exploration Significance

"巨型油气田"指在目前已知技术条件下,最终探明可采储量达到或超过0.68×108t的油气田。本文在系统调研全球巨型油气田勘探与研究现状基础上,依托IHS、C&C数据库及国内外公开发表的相关文献资料,对截至2009年底的320个海相碳酸盐岩巨型油气田及其赋存的48个含油气盆地进行详细分析,重点探讨其发育的构造环境及其富集的盆地类型。构造环境主要包括伸展、挤压、走滑3种,应用Paul Mann提出的含油气盆地类型划分方案。研究表明,海相碳酸盐岩巨型油气田主要形成于伸展构造环境,包括大陆裂谷与上覆凹陷、面向大洋盆的被动大陆边缘2种类型盆地。伸展构造环境有利于优质烃源岩、有效储集层、良好盖层的形成及生储盖的有效配置。国外海相碳酸盐岩巨型油气田勘探带给我们的启示是:加强我国伸展构造环境下这2种类型原型盆地研究,尤其是盆地演化早期阶段裂谷的研究,这将对我国海相碳酸盐岩的油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。

The giant fields are considered to be those with estimated ultimate recoverable hydrocarbons of equal or more than 680 million tons. On the basis of systematically surveying the status of the global giant field exploration and research,using the IHS and C＆C databases and related literature on public publication,the paper analyses the 320 marine carbonate giant fields with their occurrence of 48 petroliferous basins by the end of 2009 in detail, with an emphasis on the plate tectonic setting and accumulation basin type. Plate tectonic setting includes divergent, convergent and transform,and the petroliferous basin classification of Paul Mann is used here. Research indicates that marine carbonate giant fields are formed mainly in divergent tectonic setting,including continental rifts and overlying sag, continental passive margins fronting major ocean basins. Divergent tectonic setting is favour of the forming of big fective reservoir,good seal and effective assembly. The exploration inspiration is of abovementioned prototype basins in divergent tectonic setting, especially the basin evolution,which will guide our marine carbonate petroleum exploration. h quality source rocks, efthat enhancing the study rift at the early stage ofbasin evolution,which will guide our marine carbonate petroleum exploration.