住院老年人跌倒的筛查方法

Screening methods for falls of hospitalized elderly patients

目的建立预测住院老年人跌倒的评估方案并进行有效干预,降低跌倒的发生率,为制定相应的干预措施提供科学依据。方法随机抽取82例75岁以上的老年住院患者,分为跌倒组与非跌倒组,进行脑卒中史、轻微精神状态检查(MMSE)、起立行走测试、精神药物应用、血甲状旁腺激素(PTH)测定等危险因素的评估并进行统计分析。结果跌倒组55例患者MMSE检查、起立行走测试结果较非跌倒组有明显统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论老年人跌倒是一个严重的公共卫生问题,与许多因素相关。老年人跌倒的干预和预防需要着重于跌倒的高危人群,MMSE检查、起立行走测试对于发现高危人群有重要意义,可以作为跌倒的初步筛查方法。

Objective To provide an assessment scheme that can predict falls of hospitalized elderly patients and effective intervention in order to decrease fall incidence and consequently provide scientific proof for corresponding intervention measures. Methods Eightytwo hospitalized patients over 75 - year - old were randomly chosen and divided into the fall group and the non - fall group. Then they were assessed and analyzed in terms of stroke history, mild mental state examination （MMSE）, gettingup and walking test, intake of psychotropic drugs, and determination of serum parathyroid hormone （PTH）. Results Fiftyfive patients in the fall group received MSE examination. The test result of gettingup and walking was statistically different from the nonfall group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Fails of the elderly has become a serious public health problem which is related to many factors. Prevention and intervention of fails in elderly people should focus on high - risk group. MMSE and gettingup and walking are useful to identify highrisk people and they can be used as primary screening methods.