耦合融雪的分布式流域“降雨-径流”数值模型

A distributed numerical rainfall-runoff model combined with snowmelt module

针对中国对耦合融雪的"降雨-径流"过程数值计算模型方面的研究较少,本文联合应用能量平衡方程及运动波理论的基础方程式,结合GIS技术构建分布式流域耦合融雪的"降雨-径流"数值计算模型,并应用流域实测资料进行了有效性验证。研究结果表明:在不考虑融雪条件下,实测流量与计算结果之间存在着较大的误差;在考虑融雪条件下,实测流量与计算结果之间的误差在基准允许范围之内(小于3%);在积雪与融雪区,对流域"降雨-径流"过程的数值计算须考虑融雪。该研究为积雪融雪区提供了一种耦合融雪的"降雨-径流"过程数值计算的新方法。

Due to the lack of studies on numerical modeling of the rainfall-runoff process combined with snowmelt runoff in China,a distributed rainfall-runoff model with a snowmelt module is developed based on geographical information systems（GIS） techniques.The kinematic wave theory and the energy budget method are used in the model development.The model is tested using streamflow data.Results of numerical experiments indicate that the model can generate large simulation errors without the full implementation of the snowmelt module.In contrast,the new model can help to reduce the simulation error to the permissible range（within 3%）.The study demonstrates the necessity of having such a snowmelt module in rainfall-runoff modeling.The new model provides a means to study the rainfall-runoff process in snowmelt-dominated regions.