中山市学龄前儿童多动行为及影响因素调查

Investigation on the hyperactive behavior and the effect factors among the preschool children in Zhongshan city

目的:调查中山市学龄前儿童多动行为的发生率以及相关影响因素。方法:采用分层整群抽样法,从中山市11个镇区66所幼儿园抽取在读3～6岁学龄前儿童,用Conners简明症状问卷、家庭环境量表和一般情况表调查,对影响因素进行分析。结果:发放问卷13 196份,收回有效问卷12 804份,问卷有效率97.03%,有14.05%的学龄前儿童存在多动行为问题。其中男童占17.10%,女童占10.50%(χ2=111.36,P<0.001);随年龄增长多动行为有所下降(χ2=10.61,P<0.01)。儿童年龄、性别、家庭主要管教方式、母亲与孩子相处时间、孕期情绪,家庭环境的矛盾性、独立性、知识性、娱乐性、组织性等因素与儿童多动行为问题的发生密切相关。结论:目前中山市学龄前儿童的多动行为问题较普遍,预防和矫治要综合考虑儿童个体、家庭、社会三方面因素。

To investigate the incidence and related effect factors of hyperactive behavior among the preschool children in Zhongshan city. Methods： Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 3 - 6 yearold preschool children from 66 kindergartens in 11 districts of Zhongshan city, then the children were surveyed by Conners abbreviated symptom questionnaire （ASQ）, family environment scale （ Chinese version） （ FES CV）, and general condition questionnaire, the effect factors were analyzed. Results： A total of 13 196 copies of questionnaires were distributed, 12 804 copies of questionnaires were retrieved, the effective rate was 97.03%, 14.05% of the preschool children had hyperactive behavior problems, the proportions of boys and girls were 17. 10% and 10. 50%, respectively （X^2 = 111.36, P 〈0. 001 ） . The incidence of hyperactive behavior decreased with age （X^2 = 10. 61, P 〈0. 01 ） . Pediatric age, gender, main educational modes of their families, the time of mothers staying with their children, gestational emotion, contradictoriness, independence, intellectual - cultural orientation, active - recreational orientation, and organization orientation of family environment were correlated with the occurrence of hyperactive behavior among the children. Conclusion： At present, the hyperactive behavior problems of the preschool children in Zhongshan city are common, three factors including individual, family, and society should be considered comprehensively when prevention and treatment are performed.