哈巴雪山自然保护区与周边社区发展的冲突及对策

Conflicts and Countermeasures between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and Development of Peripheral Communities

采用问卷调查、访谈、参与性乡村评估(PRA)等方法对哈巴雪山自然保护区自然保护与周边社区发展的关系进行调查研究。结果表明:该保护区自然保护和周边社区发展存在冲突,一方面,自然保护给周边社区发展带来不利影响,如限制资源利用、制约发展空间、造成经济损失、剥夺旅游创收机会,补偿措施不到位等;另一方面,周边社区发展对自然保护造成威胁,如盗伐森林、违规采矿、过度采集、过度放牧、旅游开发非生态化等。最后得出科学合理规划功能区,加大经济损失补偿力度,发展生态旅游,实施社区共管是解决冲突的有效对策的结论。

Using research approaches such as questionnaire investigation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal （PAR）, the relationship between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and its peripheral communities was studied. The results showed that there are lots of conflicts be- tween Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and its peripheral communities. On the one hand, conservation of natural environment brings incon- venience to the development of peripheral communities, such as limiting the use of resources, constraining space of development, resulting in economic losses, reducing tourist income and low compensation. On the other hand, peripheral communities＇ development threats conservation of the natural environment, for instance; illegal deforestation, illegal mining, over-harvesting, over-grazing and non-ecotourism. Therefore, effective suggestions were given as ＂scientific planning of functional areas, enhancing economic compensation, devoting more in ecotourism development, and realizing the cooperation of communities＂.