西部民族地区牧民增收对策研究——以鄂温克族自治旗为例

Study on Countermeasures for Increasing Income of Herdsman in Western Ethnic Minority Areas

以典型西部少数民族牧区———内蒙古自治区鄂温克族自治旗为例,深入分析了影响牧民增收的制约因素,主要是牧区草原畜牧业增收受生态限制;牧区基础设施建设滞后,畜牧业发展依然缓慢;农牧业产业化经营总体水平不高;牧民就业结构单一,增收渠道狭窄;牧区劳动力转移呈现出"抽水式转移";牧民享受的国家惠农政策偏少,政策支持不足。结合西部少数民族地区的实际情况,提出了一些牧民增收的对策和建议:转变生产和经营方式,提高广大牧民组织化程度;改善基础设施条件,提高农牧业综合生产能力;加大产业化步伐,强化科技支撑和服务体系建设;加快牧民的人力资本积累速度,提高牧民自我发展能力;推进牧业生产方式转变,创新生态保护建设机制;加大对西部少数民族地区"三牧"补贴,加强政策执行力度。

Taking typical western ethnic pastoral area Evenki Autonomous Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an example,this article analyses the factors restricting income increase of herdsman penetratingly as follows：the growth in revenue of animal husbandry in pastoral area is limited by ecology; the infrastructure construction in pastoral area lags behind, and the development of animal husbandry is still sluggish; the overall level of industrialization operation of agriculture and animal husbandry ~s not high; the employment structure of herdsman is simple, and the channel of income increase is narrow; the transfer of labor forces in pastoral area shows ＂pumping-like transfer＂ ; herdsmen enjoy few na- tional policies of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers, and tile policy support is short. On the basis of the actual situation in western eth- hie minority areas, following countermeasures and proposals are put forward for increasing herdsman g income：transform the mode of production and operation,enhance the organization degree of the majority of herdsmen; improve infrastructure conditions ,and promote comprehensive produc- tion capacity of agriculture and animal husbandry; quicken pace of industrialization,strengthen the construction of technology support and service system ; speed up human capital accumulation rate of herdsman,improve self-development ability of herdsman; propel transformation of production pattern of animal husbdndry,innovate ecological protection construction mechanism; increase subsidies for animal husbandry, pastoral area and herdsman in western ethnic minority areas, strengthen policy implementation.