职业教育城乡均衡发展问题表征与统筹保障——以重庆市为例

The Problem Representation and Overall Guarantee of Balanced Development of Vocational Education Between Urban and Rural Areas——Taking Chongqing as an Example

通过对重庆市职业教育的调查分析发现,职业教育城乡统筹发展取得了一定的成效,但仍存在着公平性缺失引发的职业教育机会的区域性失衡,支撑性不足引发的核心教育资源的匹配性失衡,协调性孱弱引发的职业教育结构的局部性失衡,水平性阻滞引发的人才培养质量的效力性失衡等问题。造成这些问题的关键症结在于职业教育城乡二元化困境及相应的教育体制障碍。实现职业教育城乡均衡发展的关键在于彻底打破城乡分割、高职中职分裂、学校脱离行业的体制,重点在于为办学管理体制、投入配置机制、人事管理体制等提供统筹保障。

Through the inquiry into vocational education in Chongqing, it is found out that the overall development of vocational education has achieved some achievements, but there still exists the problems as follows： the fairness flaw results in regional unbalance of the opportunities of vocational education; the supporting insufficiency results in the unbalance of the match of core education resources ; the weakness of compatibility results in the partial unbalance of the structure of vocational education; the block of horizontality which results in the unbalance of the effectiveness of personnel training. The crux of these problems is the rural and urban dualistic plight of vocational education and its corresponding educational system barrier. The key to achieving balanced development of vocational education is to thoroughly break the system of the segmentation between rural and urban areas, the division between higher vocational education and secondary vocational education, and the system of the deviation between school and industry. The key to solving the problems lies in the support of the overall guarantee to educational management system, distribution mechanisms, and personnel management mechanisms.