中药材元胡的传粉生物学研究

Study Pollination Biology of Chinese Medicinal Material Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang

对人工栽培元胡种群的开花习性、杂交指数、花粉/胚珠比、花粉活力、柱头可授性、传粉试验及访花昆虫进行观察。结果表明,按照Daffni的方法,元胡杂交指数OCI为3,由此判断元胡繁育系统为自交亲和,有时需要传粉者;且元胡P/O值在31.9～396.0之间,依照Cruden(1977)的标准,元胡的繁育系统属兼性自交;元胡栽培种群开花高峰期在3月底,花期短,15 d左右;元胡为兼性自交繁育系统;花粉活力随时间逐渐升高,到第5天达到最高之后又逐渐下降;在整个花期柱头都具有一定的可授性,且在开花第6天最强,随后降低;每天观察元胡的访花昆虫,偶有蜜蜂或蝴蝶一两只,访花时停留5～16 s,其他昆虫几乎未见。表明野生状态下,元胡访花昆虫的访花频率很低。

This study aimed to study the flowering habit, out - crossing index （ OC1）, pollen - ovule ratio （ P/O）, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, pollination biology, pollination and foraging insects of artificially cuhivated Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang population. As a result, the OCI was 3 according to Daffni method, which indicated that C. yanhusuo belonged to a self - compatible reproductive system that sometimes needed pollinators. The P/O ratio was from 31. 9 to 396.0, by which C. yanhusuo was judged to be a self - pollination - dominated reproductive system based upon Cruden standard （1977）. Cultivated populations of C. yanhusuo blossomed heavily at the end of March, the flowering time of which was short, about 15 days. Pollen viability first elevated then delcined alorig with the time, and reached the highest on fifth day. Stigmas receptivity were sensitive at the whole flower phase, it was the highest on the sixth day and declined afterward. Accidentally, one or two honeybees or butterflies would visit the flowers of C. yanhusuo for 5 to 16 s every day. From this, it could be seen that the visiting frequency of foraging insects to C. yanhusuo flowers was very low in the wild state.