辛夷嫁接育苗技术研究

Study on Grafting Reproduction of Magnolia liliiflora Desr.

探寻高效、实用、操作简便的嫁接方法,建立科学、有效的嫁接育苗技术体系,以实现辛夷的集约化栽培,进行了辛夷嫁接技术研究。试验结果表明,不同嫁接方法对辛夷成活率影响极为明显,在试验的劈接、舌接、单芽腹接、枝腹接、芽片腹接5种嫁接方法中,单芽腹接成活率(95.5%)最高,劈接成活率(81.7%)次之,舌接成活率(1.5%)最差。在北川地区,不同的嫁接时间对辛夷成活率影响极为明显,在辛夷休眠期间的所有月份中,9月份嫁接成活率最高达到96.5%;其次为10月和2月,嫁接成活率分别为91.3%和85.4%。接穗类型不同,成活率也不同。单芽腹接用中部饱满芽成活率最高(97.1%);枝腹接用枝条顶芽段成活率(81.6%)最高;劈接用中部饱满芽段成活率(87.1%)最高;在各种嫁接方法中,枝条下部弱芽段均不适合作为接穗。辛夷嫁接3年后开始挂花,5年后可以形成产量,并且树体得到明显矮化,花朵最多可达66朵,鲜重最高可达354.8 g/株,比实生苗投产期至少提高10年以上。

In order to seek high-efficient, practical and simple grafting methods, to establish scientific and effective technology system of grafting and raising seedlings, and to achieve the intensive cultivation of Magnolia liliflora Desr. , the grafting techniques of M. liliflora were studied in experiments. The results showed that the survival rate of M. liliflora was significantly impacted by different grafting methods, including cleft grafting, tongue grafting, single-bud side grafting, shoot side grafting, bud slice side grafting. Of these, the survival rate of single-bud side grafting was the highest （95.5%）, followed by cleft grafting （81.7%）, and the least by tongue grafting （ 1.5% ）. Thus, single-bud side grafting and cleft grafting were mainly used for M. liliflora. In Beichuan District, there was also a significant difference in the survival rate of M. liliflora from different grafting time. During the dormancy of M. liliflora, the survival rate was the highest in September （ 96.50% ）, fol- lowed by October （91.30%） and February （85.4%）. The scion types had evident effect on the survival rate of seedlings. The survival rate could reach 97.1% in single-bud grafting with central full bud as a graft, 81.6% in shoot side grafting with terminal bud of shoot as a graft, and 87.1% in cleft grafting with central full bud as a graft. Weak buds on the lower part of shoots were not suitable to be used as grafts. Generally, grafted M. liliflora took 3 years to flower. After 5 years, each plant could have a maximum of 66 flowers, the fresh weight of which was up to 354.8 g. Compared with seedlings, grafted seedlings could reduce the startup time by more than 10 years.