相对剥夺感与社会适应方式:中介效应和调节效应

Relative Deprivation and Social Adaption: The Role of Mediator and Moderator

以6175名17岁以上的个体为被试,采用四种自编问卷考察了相对剥夺感对创新和反叛这两种社会适应方式的影响,归因方式在其中的中介作用和调节作用,同时还考察了反叛在相对剥夺感和创新关系中的调节作用。结果发现:①相对剥夺感对创新和反叛具有正向预测作用,相对剥夺感越高,创新和反叛的程度越强烈;②归因方式对相对剥夺感和创新的关系起部分中介作用,对相对剥夺感和反叛的关系起部分中介作用;③归因方式在相对剥夺感和反叛的关系中起调节作用,能增强相对剥夺感和反叛之间的关系;④在下层阶层中,反叛在相对剥夺感和创新的关系中起调节作用,能减弱相对剥夺感和创新之间的关系。综上所述可以认为,相对剥夺感对社会适应方式具有正向预测作用;归因方式对相对剥夺感与社会适应方式的关系起部分中介作用;在弱势群体阶层中,反叛能减弱相对剥夺感对创新的直接影响。

Deriving from R. Merton’s Anomie Theory, innovation and rebellion as two kinds of the social adaption are viewed as the strongest predictors of collective behavior, mass crime and mass disturbance. However, few empirical studies have been done to explore the relation between them and psychological variables. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between relative deprivation and innovation and rebellion. Furthermore, through examining the mediating role and moderating role of attribution style in the associations between relative deprivation and innovation and rebellion. The present study also examine the moderating role of rebellion in the associations between relative deprivation and innovation. To test these hypotheses, the Relative Deprivation Questionnaire, Social Adaption Questionnaire, Attribution Questionnaire were administered to 6175 valid subjects. The results indicate： （1） The positive predicting effect of relative deprivation on innovation was significant. （2） The positive predicting effect of relative deprivation on rebellion was significant. （3） Attribution style served to partially mediate the association between relative deprivation and innovation, and also partially mediate the association between relative deprivation and rebellion. （4） As a moderator, attribution style strengthened the positive relation between relative deprivation and rebellion. （5） As a moderator, rebellion weakened the positive relation between relative deprivation and innovation in the lower social stratum. In sum, it could be concluded that relative deprivation played a positive predicting effect on social adaption. Attribution style partially mediated the relationship between relative deprivation and social adaption. Rebellion weakened the immediate impact of relative deprivation on innovation in the vulnerable group. These findings highlight the important role of relative deprivation and attribution style to the anomie social adaption, which may provide the policy makers with some implication in preventing collective behavior, mass crime and mass disturbance.