不同覆盖绿肥养分特性及其对橡胶园土壤理化性质的影响

Nutrient characteristics of mulch green manure and their influences on soil physical and chemical property in Yunnan rubber plantation

为明确不同覆盖绿肥的养分特性,阐明其对云南开割橡胶园土壤理化性状的影响,采用田间试验结合室内分析,研究了10种豆科绿肥的养分特性与积累量,探讨了不同豆科绿肥覆盖对橡胶园土壤理化性质的影响作用。结果表明,10种供试豆科绿肥均富含氮,氮含量范围为19.68～32.42 g/kg,平均25.38 g/kg。灌木、亚灌木绿肥的干物质积累量高于草本和藤本绿肥,草本和藤本绿肥的氮、磷、钾含量则高于灌木、亚灌木绿肥。为取得最佳的覆盖效果,筛选绿肥时应考虑灌木、亚灌木与草本、藤本相结合。绿肥覆盖后胶园土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾较对照均有不同程度的提高,分别提高了0.71～2.99 g/kg、0.01～0.16 g/kg、7.13～29.95 mg/kg、14.81～38.82 mg/kg;而土壤碱解氮含量和pH值变化不明显。绿肥覆盖对胶园土壤物理性状有一定的改善,但效果不明显。综合比较10种绿肥的养分特性和对土壤理化性状的影响,结合田间观测结果,初步筛选出距瓣豆、卵叶山蚂蝗、白花灰叶豆3种绿肥对云南山地胶园土壤肥力有一定的提升和维持作用,为云南开割胶园覆盖绿肥的筛选提供了理论依据。

A field experiment was conducted to clarify nutrient characteristics of green manure under mulching and their influences on soil physical and chemical property in Yunnan rubber plantation. About 10 kinds of leguminous green manure were used in the study. The results show that the 10 kinds of green manure are rich in N, and the N contents are from 19.68 to 32. 42 g/kg with the average value of 25.38 g/kg. Dry matter accumulation amounts of the shrubs and bushes are higher than those of the herbages and vines. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the herbages and vines are higher than those of the shrubs and bushes. To achieve the best mulching effects, bushes, vines and herbs should be combined when screening mulch green manure. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium contents are increased by 0.71 -2.99 g/kg, 0.01-0. 16 g/kg, 7. 13 -29.95 mg/kg and 14. 81 -38.82 mg/kg after the green manure mulching, respectively, and the soil available nitrogen contents, pH values and physical property do not change significantly. Comprehensively comparing nutrient characteristics and their influences Centrosema pubeseens Benth. , Desmodium ovalifolium and Tephrosia eandida DC. have certain improvement on soil physical and chemical property of these green manures and combining with the field observations, and maintain functions to soil fertility, and these results are help to screen mulch green manure suitable for Yunnan tapped rubber plantation.