‘围选1号’授粉试验及花粉生活力和柱头可授性的测定

Experiments of pollinationg and pollen viability and stigma receptivity of 'Weixuan1'

以嫁接的2年生‘围选1号’为授粉母树,分别以‘围选1号’、‘优一’、‘凯特’、‘金太阳’4个不同的杏品种作为父本,进行授粉试验,研究不同授粉树对‘围选1号’结实率和坐果率的影响。同时,用花粉离体培养法测定其花粉生活力,并用苯胺-过氧化氢法测定了其柱头可授性。结果表明:‘围选1号’自花授粉坐果率为0.84%(<6%),是自交不亲和品种;‘围选1号’以‘凯特’作为的授粉树效果最好,坐果率为25.88%;供试品种的花粉生活力都在70%以上。‘围选1号’的花粉生活力高达84.31%,但花粉的萌发力相对较低;不同蔗糖浓度对花粉发芽力有影响,其中以蔗糖浓度为10%的发芽力最高;柱头可授性在开花3h后可授性开始增强,可授性持续4d左右,最佳授粉期为开花后2d左右。

In this paper, pollination experiments and the effects of pollination tree on fruitingrate and seed-setting rate of Prunus armeniaca were studied by choosing grafting ‘Weixuanl’as female parent and 4 different apricot tree as male parent. After the choosing suitable meth-od. Pollen viability of‘Weixuanl’ was evaluated by pollen germination test in vitro. It is fea-sibility to test stigma receptivity by the benzidine-H2O2 also. The conclusion is drawn as fol-lows： The self pollination results showed that the self-pollination rate for ‘Weixuanl’was0.84%（〈6%） and ‘Weixuanl＇ were suggested to be a self-incompatible cultivar, The resultindicated that most it need pollinating variety. Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Katy is the best one a-mong them, The fructification ratio of cross pollination is 25.88%; The viable pollen ratios offour test species were more than 70% and they could pollinate each other under natural condi-tion, The pollen viability was 84.31% for ‘Weixuanl’, but pollen germination rate is low;The sucrose concentration has some effect on pollen germiration, which has a highest germina-tion rate at 10%; The stigma receptivity began enhancing in the time 3 h after anthesis. Thestigma receptivity of ‘Weixuanl’was around 4 days. Optimal pollination period lasted around2 days.