对玉米收获中籽粒破碎和损失的影响因素试验研究

Experimental research of influence factor on seed damage rate and loss rate in harvesting corn

为了降低玉米的收获损失,本研究通过摘穗板式摘穗机构的正交实验的方法,对在玉米摘穗过程中影响籽粒破碎和籽粒损失率的4个因素—摘穗板的型式、拉茎辊转速、籽粒含水率、机具前进速度进行了分析。结果表明:籽粒破碎率受籽粒含水率的影响最大,受摘穗板型式和拉茎辊转速影响次之,受前进速度的影响较小。籽粒损失率受拉茎辊转速的影响最大,受摘穗板型式的影响次之。籽粒的含水率较低(30%左右)、摘穗板的型式为弯板、拉茎辊转速为中速度(600～700r/min)时进行玉米的摘穗作业时,综合指标较好。

Abstract： Four factors affecting seed damage rate and loss rate are analyzed by orthogonal test on picker. The results showed that the first effect on seed damage is seed containing waterrate, the second is ejector roller speed and shape of picking board, and the last is the movespeed of picker; the first effect on seed loss is ejector roller speed, the second is shape of pick-ing board. When work on low seed containing water rate （30%）, curving picking board, mod-erate ejector roller speed （600-700 rpm）, the quality of harvester is the best.