法律原则的模式与应用

The Models and Application of Legal Principles

与法律规则的自主性特征和总括性特征相对应的,是法律原则的理性化模式和最佳化模式。这两种模式为法律原则的适用过程提供了一个清晰的结构性分析,并表明法律原则的效力标准不是纯粹基于系谱的,也不是完全基于内容或道德论证的,它是独立于法律规则和道德原则之外的另一类规范依据——"裁判规范"。在遇有规则漏洞的疑案裁判中,作为"裁判规范"的法律原则保证了基于法律原则的判决推理,仍然是一种区别于普遍实践推理的、部分自治的推理模式,尽管这种源于普通法司法的推理模式在方法论和制度环境上遗留了一些有待澄清的问题。

The rationalization model and primacy model of legal principles correspond to the autonomous and summary characteristics of legal rules. These two models provide a clear structural analysis for the application of legal principles, and indicate the validity criterion of legal principles, which neither wholly depends on pedigree, nor on content or normative criterion, is an independent type of legal norms called adjudication norms beyond the legal rules and moral principles. In hard cases adjudication, adjudication norms, which guarantee the adjustment and reasoning of legal principles, are a kind of reasoning model different from general practical and partially autonomous reasoning, even though there are some problems about the methodology and institutional environment of the model have to be clarified.