2011年广东省农村垃圾和污水现状调查

Hygienic Survey of Waste and Sewage in Rural Areas of Guangdong,2011

目的了解广东省农村垃圾、污水治理情况,为制定农村垃圾、污水治理策略提供科学依据。方法于2011年7—8月,依照按比例分层随机抽样方法,选取19个县(市、区),每个县20个村,每村选择不少于5户为调查对象。采用统一调查表进行调查,内容包括基本情况、垃圾与污水现状及处理方式等。结果在380个调查村中,生活垃圾以定点堆放为主(55.26%),处理方式以填埋为主(46.05%);工业垃圾处理方式以填埋为主(54.41%);养殖业垃圾以再利用为主(63.77%)。生活污水产生量每村平均为381.78 t/d,排放方式以暗沟为主(34.21%),排放地点以河流为主(42.11%)。有69个村(占18.16%)产生工业污水,平均每村产生污水132.87 t/d,有97个村(占25.53%)产生养殖业污水,平均每村产生污水118.80 t/d,24.64%的村直接排放工业污水,63.92%的村直接排放养殖业污水。结论广东省农村垃圾、污水污染情况较为普遍。

Objective To study the status of waste and sewage treatment and provide scientific basis for waste and sewage controlling in rural area of Guangdong. Methods From July to August,2011 ,no less than five families in each village from 20 villages in each county of 19 counties in the province selected through proportional stratified random sampling method were investigated. The uniform questionnaire was used for investigation on the basic information ,the status of waste and sewage treatment in rural areas of Guangdong. Results In 380 villages,55.26% and 46.05% of domestic waste were piled up and filled up respectively and 54.41% of industrial waste was filled up,and 63.77% of aquaculture waste was reused. Averagely each village produced 381.78 tons of domestic sewage daily. 34.21% of domestic sewage was discharged through underground drain and 42.11% was discharged into river. A total of 69 villages （18.16%） produced industrial sewage and averagely each village produced 132.87 tons daily and 24.64% of villages discharged sewage without any treatment. A total of 97 villages （25.53%） produced aquaculture sewage and averagely each village produced 118.80 tons daily and 63.92% of villages discharged sewage without any treatment. Conclusion The environmental pollution caused by untreated waste and sewage will be an important sanitary issue in rural areas of Guangdong.