行政规章越权研究

On Ultra Vires in Administrative Regulations

行政规章越权是我国行政立法存在的主要问题之一,主要表现为制定机关超越了程序权限和实体权限,前者往往通过行政法中的程序制度而得以控制。而实体上的越权表现形式非常复杂,有超越公权、超越行政权、超越本土权、超越职能权、超越层级权等,目前还没有一个非常有效的方式对其进行控制,应在行政法制度中确立抽象行政行为越权无效原则、建立私权对抗公权的法律机构、对规章进行实质要件的备案审查、将行政规章纳入司法审查的范围。

Ultra vires in Administrative Regulations is one of the major problems in the administrative lawmaking in China,which lies in the Ultra vires of procedural competence and substantive competence,and the former is often controlled by the procedural institutions in the administrative law.The Ultra vires in substantive rules is complicated,which includes Ultra vires of public powers,administrative powers,localized powers,functional competence and hierarchical powers,all of which are out of control under any effective means for the time being.As a result,the principle of nullification of Ultra vires of Abstract administrative actions,the legal organs for the challenge of the private rights against public powers,the institution of recording and review on the substantive elements for administrative regulation and the rules to bring administrative regulation under the judicial review shall be founded in the system of administrative law.